/*******************************************************************************
    Copyright (c) 2015-2025 NVIDIA Corporation

    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
    of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
    deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
    rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
    sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
    furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

        The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
        included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
    THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
    FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
    DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

*******************************************************************************/

#include "uvm_ats.h"
#include "uvm_ioctl.h"
#include "uvm_va_space.h"
#include "uvm_va_range.h"
#include "uvm_va_block.h"
#include "uvm_api.h"
#include "uvm_tracker.h"
#include "uvm_gpu.h"
#include "uvm_va_space_mm.h"
#include "uvm_processors.h"

// Returns true if the interval [start, start + length - 1] is entirely covered
// by vmas.
//
// Locking: mm->mmap_lock must be locked
static bool uvm_is_valid_vma_range(struct mm_struct *mm, NvU64 start, NvU64 length)
{
    const NvU64 end = start + length;
    struct vm_area_struct *vma;

    UVM_ASSERT(mm);
    uvm_assert_mmap_lock_locked(mm);

    vma = find_vma_intersection(mm, start, end);

    while (vma && (vma->vm_start <= start)) {
        if (vma->vm_end >= end)
            return true;
        start = vma->vm_end;
        vma = find_vma_intersection(mm, start, end);
    }

    return false;
}

uvm_api_range_type_t uvm_api_range_type_check(uvm_va_space_t *va_space, struct mm_struct *mm, NvU64 base, NvU64 length)
{
    uvm_va_range_managed_t *managed_range, *managed_range_last;
    const NvU64 last_address = base + length - 1;
    bool potential_ats_range;

    if (mm)
        uvm_assert_mmap_lock_locked(mm);

    uvm_assert_rwsem_locked(&va_space->lock);

    if (uvm_api_range_invalid(base, length))
        return UVM_API_RANGE_TYPE_INVALID;

    // Check if passed interval overlaps with any VA range.
    if (uvm_va_space_range_empty(va_space, base, last_address)) {
        potential_ats_range = g_uvm_global.ats.enabled &&
            !(va_space->initialization_flags & UVM_INIT_FLAGS_MULTI_PROCESS_SHARING_MODE) &&
            mm && uvm_is_valid_vma_range(mm, base, length);

        if (potential_ats_range && uvm_va_space_ats_unset(va_space)) {
            uvm_va_space_ats_set(va_space, UVM_ATS_VA_SPACE_ATS_SUPPORTED);
            return UVM_API_RANGE_TYPE_ATS;
        }
        else if (potential_ats_range && uvm_va_space_ats_supported(va_space)) {
            return UVM_API_RANGE_TYPE_ATS;
        }
        else if (uvm_hmm_is_enabled(va_space) && mm && uvm_is_valid_vma_range(mm, base, length)) {
            return UVM_API_RANGE_TYPE_HMM;
        }
        else {
            return UVM_API_RANGE_TYPE_INVALID;
        }
    }

    managed_range_last = NULL;

    uvm_for_each_va_range_managed_in_contig(managed_range, va_space, base, last_address)
        managed_range_last = managed_range;

    // Check if passed interval overlaps with an unmanaged VA range, or a
    // sub-interval not tracked by a managed range
    if (!managed_range_last || managed_range_last->va_range.node.end < last_address)
        return UVM_API_RANGE_TYPE_INVALID;

    // Passed interval is fully covered by managed ranges
    return UVM_API_RANGE_TYPE_MANAGED;
}

static NV_STATUS split_as_needed(uvm_va_space_t *va_space,
                                 NvU64 addr,
                                 uvm_va_policy_is_split_needed_t split_needed_cb,
                                 void *data)
{
    uvm_va_range_managed_t *managed_range;
    uvm_va_range_t *va_range;

    UVM_ASSERT(PAGE_ALIGNED(addr));

    // Look for managed allocations first, then look for HMM policies.
    va_range = uvm_va_range_find(va_space, addr);
    if (!va_range)
        return uvm_hmm_split_as_needed(va_space, addr, split_needed_cb, data);

    // If the policy range doesn't span addr, we're done.
    if (addr == va_range->node.start)
        return NV_OK;

    managed_range = uvm_va_range_to_managed_or_null(va_range);

    // Only managed ranges can be split.
    if (!managed_range)
        return NV_ERR_INVALID_ADDRESS;

    if (split_needed_cb(&managed_range->policy, data))
        return uvm_va_range_split(managed_range, addr - 1, NULL);

    return NV_OK;
}

// Split policy ranges if split_needed_cb() returns true, where start_addr and
// end_addr (exclusive) define the process virtual address range.
// If splits are performed, start_addr and end_addr will be the starting
// and ending addresses of the newly-split policy range.
static NV_STATUS split_span_as_needed(uvm_va_space_t *va_space,
                                      NvU64 start_addr,
                                      NvU64 end_addr,
                                      uvm_va_policy_is_split_needed_t split_needed_cb,
                                      void *data)
{
    NV_STATUS status;

    uvm_assert_rwsem_locked_write(&va_space->lock);

    status = split_as_needed(va_space, start_addr, split_needed_cb, data);
    if (status != NV_OK)
        return status;

    return split_as_needed(va_space, end_addr, split_needed_cb, data);
}

typedef struct
{
    uvm_processor_id_t processor_id;
    int nid;
} preferred_location_split_params_t;

static bool preferred_location_is_split_needed(const uvm_va_policy_t *policy, void *data)
{
    preferred_location_split_params_t *params = (preferred_location_split_params_t *)data;

    UVM_ASSERT(params);

    return !uvm_va_policy_preferred_location_equal(policy, params->processor_id, params->nid);
}

static NV_STATUS preferred_location_unmap_remote_pages(uvm_va_block_t *va_block,
                                                       uvm_va_block_context_t *va_block_context,
                                                       uvm_va_block_region_t region)
{
    NV_STATUS status = NV_OK;
    NV_STATUS tracker_status;
    uvm_tracker_t local_tracker = UVM_TRACKER_INIT();
    const uvm_va_policy_t *policy = uvm_va_policy_get_region(va_block, region);
    uvm_processor_id_t preferred_location = policy->preferred_location;
    const uvm_page_mask_t *mapped_mask;

    if (UVM_ID_IS_INVALID(preferred_location) || !uvm_processor_mask_test(&va_block->mapped, preferred_location))
        goto done;

    // Read duplication takes precedence over PreferredLocation. No mappings
    // need to be removed.
    if (uvm_va_policy_is_read_duplicate(policy))
        goto done;

    mapped_mask = uvm_va_block_map_mask_get(va_block, preferred_location);

    if (uvm_processor_mask_test(&va_block->resident, preferred_location)) {
        const uvm_page_mask_t *resident_mask = uvm_va_block_resident_mask_get(va_block,
                                                                              preferred_location,
                                                                              NUMA_NO_NODE);

        if (!uvm_page_mask_andnot(&va_block_context->caller_page_mask, mapped_mask, resident_mask))
            goto done;
    }
    else {
        uvm_page_mask_copy(&va_block_context->caller_page_mask, mapped_mask);
    }

    status = uvm_va_block_unmap(va_block,
                                va_block_context,
                                preferred_location,
                                region,
                                &va_block_context->caller_page_mask,
                                &local_tracker);

    tracker_status = uvm_tracker_add_tracker_safe(&va_block->tracker, &local_tracker);
    if (status == NV_OK)
        status = tracker_status;

done:
    uvm_tracker_deinit(&local_tracker);

    return status;
}

NV_STATUS uvm_va_block_set_preferred_location_locked(uvm_va_block_t *va_block,
                                                     uvm_va_block_context_t *va_block_context,
                                                     uvm_va_block_region_t region)
{
    uvm_assert_mutex_locked(&va_block->lock);

    return preferred_location_unmap_remote_pages(va_block, va_block_context, region);
}

static NV_STATUS preferred_location_set(uvm_va_space_t *va_space,
                                        struct mm_struct *mm,
                                        NvU64 base,
                                        NvU64 length,
                                        uvm_processor_id_t preferred_location,
                                        int preferred_cpu_nid,
                                        uvm_tracker_t *out_tracker)
{
    uvm_va_range_managed_t *managed_range, *managed_range_last;
    const NvU64 last_address = base + length - 1;
    preferred_location_split_params_t split_params;
    NV_STATUS status;

    uvm_assert_rwsem_locked_write(&va_space->lock);

    split_params.processor_id = preferred_location;
    split_params.nid = preferred_cpu_nid;
    status = split_span_as_needed(va_space,
                                  base,
                                  last_address + 1,
                                  preferred_location_is_split_needed,
                                  &split_params);
    if (status != NV_OK)
        return status;

    managed_range_last = NULL;
    uvm_for_each_va_range_managed_in_contig(managed_range, va_space, base, last_address) {
        managed_range_last = managed_range;

        // If we didn't split the ends, check that they match
        if (managed_range->va_range.node.start < base || managed_range->va_range.node.end > last_address)
            UVM_ASSERT(uvm_id_equal(managed_range->policy.preferred_location, preferred_location));

        status = uvm_va_range_set_preferred_location(managed_range,
                                                     preferred_location,
                                                     preferred_cpu_nid,
                                                     mm,
                                                     out_tracker);
        if (status != NV_OK)
            return status;
    }

    if (managed_range_last) {
        UVM_ASSERT(managed_range_last->va_range.node.end >= last_address);
        return NV_OK;
    }

    if (!mm)
        return NV_ERR_INVALID_ADDRESS;

    return uvm_hmm_set_preferred_location(va_space,
                                          preferred_location,
                                          preferred_cpu_nid,
                                          base,
                                          last_address,
                                          out_tracker);
}

NV_STATUS uvm_api_set_preferred_location(const UVM_SET_PREFERRED_LOCATION_PARAMS *params, struct file *filp)
{
    NV_STATUS status = NV_OK;
    NV_STATUS tracker_status;
    uvm_tracker_t local_tracker = UVM_TRACKER_INIT();
    uvm_va_space_t *va_space = uvm_va_space_get(filp);
    struct mm_struct *mm;
    uvm_processor_id_t preferred_location_id;
    int preferred_cpu_nid = NUMA_NO_NODE;
    bool has_va_space_write_lock;
    const NvU64 start = params->requestedBase;
    const NvU64 length = params->length;
    uvm_api_range_type_t type;

    UVM_ASSERT(va_space);

    mm = uvm_va_space_mm_or_current_retain_lock(va_space);
    uvm_va_space_down_write(va_space);
    has_va_space_write_lock = true;

    type = uvm_api_range_type_check(va_space, mm, start, length);
    if (type == UVM_API_RANGE_TYPE_INVALID) {
        status = NV_ERR_INVALID_ADDRESS;
        goto done;
    }

    // If the CPU is the preferred location, we don't have to find the associated uvm_gpu_t
    if (uvm_uuid_is_cpu(&params->preferredLocation)) {
        preferred_location_id = UVM_ID_CPU;
        preferred_cpu_nid = params->preferredCpuNumaNode;

        if (preferred_cpu_nid != -1 &&
            (!nv_numa_node_has_memory(preferred_cpu_nid) ||
             !node_isset(preferred_cpu_nid, node_possible_map) ||
             uvm_va_space_find_gpu_with_memory_node_id(va_space, preferred_cpu_nid))) {
            status = NV_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
            goto done;
        }
    }
    else {
        // Translate preferredLocation into a live GPU ID, and check that this
        // GPU can address the virtual address range
        uvm_gpu_t *gpu = uvm_va_space_get_gpu_by_uuid(va_space, &params->preferredLocation);

        if (!gpu)
            status = NV_ERR_INVALID_DEVICE;
        else if (!uvm_gpu_can_address(gpu, start, length))
            status = NV_ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE;

        if (status != NV_OK)
            goto done;

        // Setting an integrated GPU as the preferred location is equivalant to
        // the preferred location being the iGPU's nearest NUMA node.
        if (gpu->parent->is_integrated_gpu) {
            preferred_location_id = UVM_ID_CPU;
            preferred_cpu_nid = gpu->parent->closest_cpu_numa_node;
        } else {
            preferred_location_id = gpu->id;
        }
    }

    UVM_ASSERT(status == NV_OK);

    // UvmSetPreferredLocation on non-ATS regions targets the VA range of the
    // associated file descriptor, not the calling process. Since
    // UvmSetPreferredLocation on ATS regions are handled in userspace,
    // implementing the non-ATS behavior is not possible. So, return an error
    // instead. Although the out of process case can be supported for HMM,
    // return an error to make the API behavior consistent for all SAM regions.
    if ((type != UVM_API_RANGE_TYPE_MANAGED) && (current->mm != mm)) {
        status = NV_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
        goto done;
    }

    // For ATS regions, let userspace handle it.
    if (type == UVM_API_RANGE_TYPE_ATS) {
        UVM_ASSERT(g_uvm_global.ats.enabled);
        status = NV_WARN_NOTHING_TO_DO;
        goto done;
    }

    status = preferred_location_set(va_space,
                                    mm,
                                    start,
                                    length,
                                    preferred_location_id,
                                    preferred_cpu_nid,
                                    &local_tracker);

done:
    tracker_status = uvm_tracker_wait_deinit(&local_tracker);

    if (has_va_space_write_lock)
        uvm_va_space_up_write(va_space);
    else
        uvm_va_space_up_read(va_space);

    uvm_va_space_mm_or_current_release_unlock(va_space, mm);

    return status == NV_OK ? tracker_status : status;
}

NV_STATUS uvm_api_unset_preferred_location(const UVM_UNSET_PREFERRED_LOCATION_PARAMS *params, struct file *filp)
{
    NV_STATUS status;
    NV_STATUS tracker_status;
    uvm_va_space_t *va_space = uvm_va_space_get(filp);
    struct mm_struct *mm;
    uvm_tracker_t local_tracker = UVM_TRACKER_INIT();
    uvm_api_range_type_t type;

    UVM_ASSERT(va_space);

    mm = uvm_va_space_mm_or_current_retain_lock(va_space);
    uvm_va_space_down_write(va_space);

    type = uvm_api_range_type_check(va_space, mm, params->requestedBase, params->length);
    if (type == UVM_API_RANGE_TYPE_INVALID) {
        status = NV_ERR_INVALID_ADDRESS;
        goto done;
    }

    if ((type != UVM_API_RANGE_TYPE_MANAGED) && (current->mm != mm)) {
        status = NV_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
        goto done;
    }

    if (type == UVM_API_RANGE_TYPE_ATS) {
        status = NV_WARN_NOTHING_TO_DO;
        goto done;
    }

    status = preferred_location_set(va_space,
                                    mm,
                                    params->requestedBase,
                                    params->length,
                                    UVM_ID_INVALID,
                                    NUMA_NO_NODE,
                                    &local_tracker);

done:
    tracker_status = uvm_tracker_wait_deinit(&local_tracker);

    uvm_va_space_up_write(va_space);
    uvm_va_space_mm_or_current_release_unlock(va_space, mm);
    return status == NV_OK ? tracker_status : status;
}

NV_STATUS uvm_va_block_set_accessed_by_locked(uvm_va_block_t *va_block,
                                              uvm_va_block_context_t *va_block_context,
                                              uvm_processor_id_t processor_id,
                                              uvm_va_block_region_t region,
                                              uvm_tracker_t *out_tracker)
{
    NV_STATUS status;
    NV_STATUS tracker_status;

    uvm_assert_mutex_locked(&va_block->lock);

    // Filter out discarded pages for which accessed-by mappings are not
    // created.
    uvm_page_mask_init_from_region(&va_block_context->mapping.filtered_page_mask, region, NULL);
    uvm_page_mask_andnot(&va_block_context->mapping.filtered_page_mask,
                         &va_block_context->mapping.filtered_page_mask,
                         &va_block->discarded_pages);
    status = uvm_va_block_add_mappings(va_block,
                                       va_block_context,
                                       processor_id,
                                       region,
                                       &va_block_context->mapping.filtered_page_mask,
                                       UvmEventMapRemoteCausePolicy);

    tracker_status = uvm_tracker_add_tracker_safe(out_tracker, &va_block->tracker);

    return status == NV_OK ? tracker_status : status;
}

NV_STATUS uvm_va_block_set_accessed_by(uvm_va_block_t *va_block,
                                       uvm_va_block_context_t *va_block_context,
                                       uvm_processor_id_t processor_id)
{
    uvm_va_block_region_t region = uvm_va_block_region_from_block(va_block);
    NV_STATUS status;
    uvm_tracker_t local_tracker = UVM_TRACKER_INIT();
    uvm_va_policy_t *policy = &va_block->managed_range->policy;

    UVM_ASSERT(!uvm_va_block_is_hmm(va_block));

    // Read duplication takes precedence over SetAccessedBy. Do not add mappings
    // if read duplication is enabled.
    if (uvm_va_policy_is_read_duplicate(policy))
        return NV_OK;

    status = UVM_VA_BLOCK_LOCK_RETRY(va_block,
                                     NULL,
                                     uvm_va_block_set_accessed_by_locked(va_block,
                                                                         va_block_context,
                                                                         processor_id,
                                                                         region,
                                                                         &local_tracker));

    // TODO: Bug 1767224: Combine all accessed_by operations into single tracker
    if (status == NV_OK)
        status = uvm_tracker_wait(&local_tracker);

    uvm_tracker_deinit(&local_tracker);
    return status;
}

typedef struct
{
    uvm_processor_id_t processor_id;
    bool set_bit;
} accessed_by_split_params_t;

static bool accessed_by_is_split_needed(const uvm_va_policy_t *policy, void *data)
{
    accessed_by_split_params_t *params = (accessed_by_split_params_t*)data;

    UVM_ASSERT(params);

    return (uvm_processor_mask_test(&policy->accessed_by, params->processor_id) != params->set_bit);
}

static NV_STATUS accessed_by_set(uvm_va_space_t *va_space,
                                 NvU64 base,
                                 NvU64 length,
                                 const NvProcessorUuid *processor_uuid,
                                 bool set_bit)
{
    uvm_processor_id_t processor_id = UVM_ID_INVALID;
    struct mm_struct *mm;
    const NvU64 last_address = base + length - 1;
    accessed_by_split_params_t split_params;
    uvm_tracker_t local_tracker = UVM_TRACKER_INIT();
    NV_STATUS status = NV_OK;
    NV_STATUS tracker_status;
    uvm_api_range_type_t type;

    UVM_ASSERT(va_space);

    mm = uvm_va_space_mm_or_current_retain_lock(va_space);
    uvm_va_space_down_write(va_space);

    type = uvm_api_range_type_check(va_space, mm, base, length);
    if (type == UVM_API_RANGE_TYPE_INVALID) {
        status = NV_ERR_INVALID_ADDRESS;
        goto done;
    }

    if (uvm_uuid_is_cpu(processor_uuid)) {
        processor_id = UVM_ID_CPU;
    }
    else {
        // Translate processor_uuid into a live GPU ID, and check that this GPU
        // can address the virtual address range
        uvm_gpu_t *gpu = uvm_va_space_get_gpu_by_uuid(va_space, processor_uuid);
        if (!gpu)
            status = NV_ERR_INVALID_DEVICE;
        else if (!uvm_gpu_can_address(gpu, base, length))
            status = NV_ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE;

        if (status != NV_OK)
            goto done;

        processor_id = gpu->id;
    }

    if (type == UVM_API_RANGE_TYPE_ATS) {
        status = NV_OK;
        goto done;
    }

    split_params.processor_id = processor_id;
    split_params.set_bit = set_bit;
    status = split_span_as_needed(va_space,
                                  base,
                                  last_address + 1,
                                  accessed_by_is_split_needed,
                                  &split_params);
    if (status != NV_OK)
        goto done;

    if (type == UVM_API_RANGE_TYPE_MANAGED) {
        uvm_va_range_managed_t *managed_range;
        uvm_va_range_managed_t *managed_range_last = NULL;

        uvm_for_each_va_range_managed_in_contig(managed_range, va_space, base, last_address) {
            managed_range_last = managed_range;

            // If we didn't split the ends, check that they match
            if (managed_range->va_range.node.start < base || managed_range->va_range.node.end > last_address)
                UVM_ASSERT(uvm_processor_mask_test(&managed_range->policy.accessed_by,
                                                   processor_id) == set_bit);

            if (set_bit) {
                status = uvm_va_range_set_accessed_by(managed_range, processor_id, mm, &local_tracker);
                if (status != NV_OK)
                    goto done;
            }
            else {
                uvm_va_range_unset_accessed_by(managed_range, processor_id, &local_tracker);
            }
        }

        UVM_ASSERT(managed_range_last);
        UVM_ASSERT(managed_range_last->va_range.node.end >= last_address);
    }
    else {
        // NULL mm case already filtered by uvm_api_range_type_check()
        UVM_ASSERT(mm);
        UVM_ASSERT(type == UVM_API_RANGE_TYPE_HMM);
        status = uvm_hmm_set_accessed_by(va_space,
                                         processor_id,
                                         set_bit,
                                         base,
                                         last_address,
                                         &local_tracker);
    }

done:
    tracker_status = uvm_tracker_wait_deinit(&local_tracker);

    uvm_va_space_up_write(va_space);
    uvm_va_space_mm_or_current_release_unlock(va_space, mm);

    return status == NV_OK ? tracker_status : status;
}

NV_STATUS uvm_api_set_accessed_by(const UVM_SET_ACCESSED_BY_PARAMS *params, struct file *filp)
{
    uvm_va_space_t *va_space = uvm_va_space_get(filp);

    return accessed_by_set(va_space, params->requestedBase, params->length, &params->accessedByUuid, true);
}

NV_STATUS uvm_api_unset_accessed_by(const UVM_UNSET_ACCESSED_BY_PARAMS *params, struct file *filp)
{
    uvm_va_space_t *va_space = uvm_va_space_get(filp);

    return accessed_by_set(va_space, params->requestedBase, params->length, &params->accessedByUuid, false);
}

static NV_STATUS va_block_set_read_duplication_locked(uvm_va_block_t *va_block,
                                                      uvm_va_block_retry_t *va_block_retry,
                                                      uvm_va_block_context_t *va_block_context)
{
    uvm_processor_id_t src_id;

    uvm_assert_mutex_locked(&va_block->lock);

    // Force CPU page residency to be on the preferred NUMA node.
    va_block_context->make_resident.dest_nid = va_block->managed_range->policy.preferred_nid;

    for_each_id_in_mask(src_id, &va_block->resident) {
        NV_STATUS status;
        uvm_page_mask_t *resident_mask = uvm_va_block_resident_mask_get(va_block, src_id, NUMA_NO_NODE);

        // Calling uvm_va_block_make_resident_read_duplicate will break all
        // SetAccessedBy and remote mappings
        status = uvm_va_block_make_resident_read_duplicate(va_block,
                                                           va_block_retry,
                                                           va_block_context,
                                                           src_id,
                                                           uvm_va_block_region_from_block(va_block),
                                                           resident_mask,
                                                           NULL,
                                                           UVM_MAKE_RESIDENT_CAUSE_API_HINT);
        if (status != NV_OK)
            return status;
    }

    return NV_OK;
}

NV_STATUS uvm_va_block_set_read_duplication(uvm_va_block_t *va_block,
                                            uvm_va_block_context_t *va_block_context)
{
    NV_STATUS status;
    uvm_va_block_retry_t va_block_retry;

    // TODO: Bug 3660922: need to implement HMM read duplication support.
    UVM_ASSERT(!uvm_va_block_is_hmm(va_block));

    status = UVM_VA_BLOCK_LOCK_RETRY(va_block, &va_block_retry,
                                     va_block_set_read_duplication_locked(va_block,
                                                                          &va_block_retry,
                                                                          va_block_context));

    return status;
}

static NV_STATUS va_block_unset_read_duplication_locked(uvm_va_block_t *va_block,
                                                        uvm_va_block_retry_t *va_block_retry,
                                                        uvm_va_block_context_t *va_block_context,
                                                        uvm_tracker_t *out_tracker)
{
    NV_STATUS status;
    uvm_processor_id_t processor_id;
    uvm_va_block_region_t block_region = uvm_va_block_region_from_block(va_block);
    uvm_page_mask_t *break_read_duplication_pages = &va_block_context->caller_page_mask;
    const uvm_va_policy_t *policy = &va_block->managed_range->policy;
    uvm_processor_id_t preferred_location = policy->preferred_location;

    uvm_assert_mutex_locked(&va_block->lock);

    // 1- Iterate over all processors with resident copies to avoid migrations
    // and invalidate the rest of copies

    // If preferred_location is set and has resident copies, give it preference
    if (UVM_ID_IS_VALID(preferred_location) &&
        uvm_processor_mask_test(&va_block->resident, preferred_location)) {
        uvm_page_mask_t *resident_mask = uvm_va_block_resident_mask_get(va_block, preferred_location, NUMA_NO_NODE);
        bool is_mask_empty = !uvm_page_mask_and(break_read_duplication_pages,
                                                &va_block->read_duplicated_pages,
                                                resident_mask);

        if (!is_mask_empty) {
            // make_resident breaks read duplication
            status = uvm_va_block_make_resident(va_block,
                                                va_block_retry,
                                                va_block_context,
                                                preferred_location,
                                                block_region,
                                                break_read_duplication_pages,
                                                NULL,
                                                UVM_MAKE_RESIDENT_CAUSE_API_HINT);
            if (status != NV_OK)
                return status;
        }
    }

    // Then iterate over the rest of processors
    for_each_id_in_mask(processor_id, &va_block->resident) {
        uvm_page_mask_t *resident_mask;
        bool is_mask_empty;

        if (uvm_id_equal(processor_id, preferred_location))
            continue;

        resident_mask = uvm_va_block_resident_mask_get(va_block, processor_id, NUMA_NO_NODE);
        is_mask_empty = !uvm_page_mask_and(break_read_duplication_pages,
                                           &va_block->read_duplicated_pages,
                                           resident_mask);
        if (is_mask_empty)
            continue;

        // make_resident breaks read duplication
        status = uvm_va_block_make_resident(va_block,
                                            va_block_retry,
                                            va_block_context,
                                            processor_id,
                                            block_region,
                                            break_read_duplication_pages,
                                            NULL,
                                            UVM_MAKE_RESIDENT_CAUSE_API_HINT);
        if (status != NV_OK)
            return status;
    }

    // 2- Re-establish SetAccessedBy mappings
    for_each_id_in_mask(processor_id, &policy->accessed_by) {
        status = uvm_va_block_set_accessed_by_locked(va_block,
                                                     va_block_context,
                                                     processor_id,
                                                     block_region,
                                                     out_tracker);
        if (status != NV_OK)
            return status;
    }

    return NV_OK;
}

NV_STATUS uvm_va_block_unset_read_duplication(uvm_va_block_t *va_block,
                                              uvm_va_block_context_t *va_block_context)
{
    uvm_va_block_retry_t va_block_retry;
    NV_STATUS status = NV_OK;
    uvm_tracker_t local_tracker = UVM_TRACKER_INIT();

    UVM_ASSERT(!uvm_va_block_is_hmm(va_block));

    // Restore all SetAccessedBy mappings
    status = UVM_VA_BLOCK_LOCK_RETRY(va_block, &va_block_retry,
                                     va_block_unset_read_duplication_locked(va_block,
                                                                            &va_block_retry,
                                                                            va_block_context,
                                                                            &local_tracker));
    if (status == NV_OK)
        status = uvm_tracker_wait(&local_tracker);

    uvm_tracker_deinit(&local_tracker);

    return status;
}

static bool read_duplication_is_split_needed(const uvm_va_policy_t *policy, void *data)
{
    uvm_read_duplication_policy_t new_policy;

    UVM_ASSERT(data);

    new_policy = *(uvm_read_duplication_policy_t *)data;
    return policy->read_duplication != new_policy;
}

static NV_STATUS read_duplication_set(uvm_va_space_t *va_space, NvU64 base, NvU64 length, bool enable)
{
    struct mm_struct *mm;
    const NvU64 last_address = base + length - 1;
    NV_STATUS status;
    uvm_read_duplication_policy_t new_policy;
    uvm_api_range_type_t type;

    UVM_ASSERT(va_space);

    // We need mmap_lock as we may create CPU mappings
    mm = uvm_va_space_mm_or_current_retain_lock(va_space);
    uvm_va_space_down_write(va_space);

    type = uvm_api_range_type_check(va_space, mm, base, length);
    if (type == UVM_API_RANGE_TYPE_INVALID) {
        status = NV_ERR_INVALID_ADDRESS;
        goto done;
    }
    else if (type == UVM_API_RANGE_TYPE_ATS) {
        status = NV_OK;
        goto done;
    }

    // An integrated GPU has no vidmem to make a duplicate
    if (uvm_va_space_has_integrated_gpu(va_space)) {
        status = NV_OK;
        goto done;
    }

    // Note that we never set the policy back to UNSET
    new_policy = enable ? UVM_READ_DUPLICATION_ENABLED : UVM_READ_DUPLICATION_DISABLED;

    status = split_span_as_needed(va_space,
                                  base,
                                  last_address + 1,
                                  read_duplication_is_split_needed,
                                  &new_policy);
    if (status != NV_OK)
        goto done;

    if (type == UVM_API_RANGE_TYPE_MANAGED) {
        uvm_va_range_managed_t *managed_range;
        uvm_va_range_managed_t *managed_range_last = NULL;

        uvm_for_each_va_range_managed_in_contig(managed_range, va_space, base, last_address) {
            managed_range_last = managed_range;

            // If we didn't split the ends, check that they match
            if (managed_range->va_range.node.start < base || managed_range->va_range.node.end > last_address)
                UVM_ASSERT(managed_range->policy.read_duplication == new_policy);

            // Handle SetAccessedBy mappings
            if (new_policy == UVM_READ_DUPLICATION_ENABLED) {
                status = uvm_va_range_set_read_duplication(managed_range, mm);
                if (status != NV_OK)
                    goto done;
            }
            else {
                // If unsetting read duplication fails, the return status is
                // not propagated back to the caller
                (void)uvm_va_range_unset_read_duplication(managed_range, mm);
            }

            managed_range->policy.read_duplication = new_policy;
        }

        UVM_ASSERT(managed_range_last);
        UVM_ASSERT(managed_range_last->va_range.node.end >= last_address);
    }
    else {
        UVM_ASSERT(type == UVM_API_RANGE_TYPE_HMM);
        status = uvm_hmm_set_read_duplication(va_space, new_policy, base, last_address);
    }

done:
    uvm_va_space_up_write(va_space);
    uvm_va_space_mm_or_current_release_unlock(va_space, mm);
    return status;
}

NV_STATUS uvm_api_enable_read_duplication(const UVM_ENABLE_READ_DUPLICATION_PARAMS *params, struct file *filp)
{
    uvm_va_space_t *va_space = uvm_va_space_get(filp);

    return read_duplication_set(va_space, params->requestedBase, params->length, true);
}

NV_STATUS uvm_api_disable_read_duplication(const UVM_DISABLE_READ_DUPLICATION_PARAMS *params, struct file *filp)
{
    uvm_va_space_t *va_space = uvm_va_space_get(filp);

    return read_duplication_set(va_space, params->requestedBase, params->length, false);
}

NV_STATUS uvm_api_discard(UVM_DISCARD_PARAMS *params, struct file *filp)
{
    uvm_va_space_t *va_space = uvm_va_space_get(filp);
    NvU64 base = params->base;
    NvU64 length = params->length;
    uvm_va_range_managed_t *managed_range;
    uvm_va_block_context_t *va_block_context;
    struct mm_struct *mm;
    NvU64 end = base + length;
    uvm_api_range_type_t type;
    NV_STATUS status = NV_OK;

    UVM_ASSERT(va_space);

    if (params->flags && params->flags != UVM_DISCARD_FLAGS_UNMAP)
        return NV_ERR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;

    // Use a read lock for va_space, so UvmDiscard could concurrently happen
    // with a UvmMigrate The user space caller is responsible for coordinating
    // calls to UvmMigrate and UvmDiscard. Otherwise, even using a write lock
    // will still result in undesirable results.
    mm = uvm_va_space_mm_or_current_retain_lock(va_space);
    uvm_va_space_down_read(va_space);

    type = uvm_api_range_type_check(va_space, mm, base, length);
    if (type != UVM_API_RANGE_TYPE_MANAGED) {
        // System allocated and HMM memory is validated but we don't do anything with it.
        if (type == UVM_API_RANGE_TYPE_ATS || type == UVM_API_RANGE_TYPE_HMM)
            status = NV_WARN_NOTHING_TO_DO;
        else
            status = NV_ERR_INVALID_ADDRESS;

        goto done;
    }

    // TODO: Bug 5260180: Remove this check after tests and 
    // related driver code are updated to account for 
    // integrated GPUs.
    if (uvm_va_space_has_integrated_gpu(va_space)) {
        status = NV_OK;
        goto done;
    }

    va_block_context = uvm_va_block_context_alloc(mm);
    if (!va_block_context) {
        status = NV_ERR_NO_MEMORY;
        goto done;
    }

    uvm_for_each_va_range_managed_in_contig (managed_range, va_space, base, end - 1) {
        status = uvm_va_range_discard(managed_range,
                                      va_block_context,
                                      max(base, managed_range->va_range.node.start),
                                      min(end - 1, managed_range->va_range.node.end),
                                      params->flags);
        if (status != NV_OK)
            break;
    }

    uvm_va_block_context_free(va_block_context);

done:
    uvm_va_space_up_read(va_space);
    uvm_va_space_mm_or_current_release_unlock(va_space, mm);
    return status;
}
