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[CK_TILE] Add LLC-aware FMHA head grouping and head-major scheduling on RDNA (#5018) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit ## Motivation Long-sequence FMHA can become memory-bound when K/V working sets exceed Infinity Cache (LLC), causing repeated DRAM traffic across heads. This PR introduces LLC-aware launch ordering improvements for FMHA forward, and it is currently enabled only on gfx11 and gfx12. The approach is inspired by [`Dao-AILab/flash-attention#2217`](https://github.com/Dao-AILab/flash-attention/pull/2217), adapted to CK’s kernel/runner structure and layout handling. In this context, `bshd` is the layout used in Flash-Attention, while `bhsd` is the default layout used by the CK Tile FMHA example. ## Technical Details This PR adds two complementary strategies: - For `bshd` input layout (`i_perm/o_perm=0`), enable explicit LLC-aware head grouping: - Estimate LLC size (env override, KFD sysfs, or arch default). - Compute group size from K/V bytes per head vs LLC target. - Launch FMHA forward repeatedly per head-group by slicing Q/K/V/O (and related tensors). - For `bhsd` input layout (`i_perm/o_perm=1`), apply implicit launch-order adjustment: - Keep a single kernel launch. - Reinterpret block linearization in `GetTileIndex` to make execution head-major, improving temporal locality of per-head K/V reuse. Additional integration updates: - Propagate `num_head_q_total` and `head_start` through FMHA args/kargs. - Use global head indexing for dropout RNG stream mapping so grouped launches keep deterministic/consistent dropout behavior. - Keep fallback behavior unchanged when grouping is not beneficial or disabled. ## Test Plan - `test_ck_tile_fmha` - `tile_example_fmha_fwd` ## Test Result - `test_ck_tile_fmha`: all tests passed. - `tile_example_fmha_fwd`: tested this on gfx1100, gfx1151, and gfx1201, and all of them show higher performance compared to the baseline. The improvement is consistent, and performance is well maintained even at long sequence lengths. ./build/bin/tile_example_fmha_fwd -prec=bf16 -mode=0 -b=1 -h=24 -d=128 -s={seqlen} -s_k={seqlen} -lse=0 -iperm={0/1} -operm={0/1} - TFLOPs by sequence length target: gfx1100 layout: bhsd SeqLen | Before | After | Speedup -- | -- | -- | -- 1024 | 56.27 | 61.48 | 1.09x 4096 | 67.10 | 72.27 | 1.08x 8192 | 65.99 | 71.64 | 1.09x 12288 | 61.60 | 76.61 | 1.24x 16384 | 58.99 | 75.74 | 1.28x 20480 | 57.32 | 74.42 | 1.30x 24576 | 56.89 | 74.25 | 1.31x 27280 | 18.93 | 24.48 | 1.29x - TFLOPs by sequence length target: gfx1201 layout: bshd SeqLen | Before | After | Speedup -- | -- | -- | -- 1024 | 66.79 | 65.90 | 0.99x 4096 | 85.90 | 86.80 | 1.01x 8192 | 77.06 | 90.29 | 1.17x 12288 | 58.36 | 88.98 | 1.52x 16384 | 52.12 | 88.88 | 1.71x 20480 | 48.11 | 88.42 | 1.84x 24576 | 47.12 | 89.07 | 1.89x 27280 | 49.05 | 50.31 | 1.03x ## Submission Checklist - [x] Look over the contributing guidelines at https://github.com/ROCm/ROCm/blob/develop/CONTRIBUTING.md#pull-requests.
CK Tile Example Suite
This directory contains a comprehensive suite of examples demonstrating the CK Tile programming model for high-performance GPU kernels. Each example illustrates a key deep learning or HPC operation, implemented using tile-based parallelism, modular pipelines, and data movement policy.
What is CK Tile?
CK Tile is a composable GPU programming API that expresses kernels as a composition of "tiles"—rectangular blocks of computation and data movement. The pipeline & policy orchestrates data movement (global <-> LDS <-> registers), computation, and synchronization, enabling high efficiency and flexibility.
Example Index
| Example | Operation | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 01_fmha | Fused Multi-Head Attention | Tile-based FMHA with masking, quantization, and epilogue fusion |
| 02_layernorm2d | LayerNorm2D | Blockwise layer normalization with fusion and quantization |
| 03_gemm | GEMM | Matrix multiplication with tilewise parallelism |
| 04_img2col | im2col | Image-to-column transformation for GEMM-based convolution |
| 05_reduce | Reduction | Tilewise sum, max, mean reductions |
| 06_permute | Permute | Generic tensor permutation (up to rank-8) |
| 09_topk_softmax | TopK-Softmax | Rowwise softmax and top-k selection for MoE gating |
| 10_rmsnorm2d | RMSNorm2D | Root mean square normalization for LLMs |
| 11_add_rmsnorm2d_rdquant | Add + RMSNorm2D + RDQuant | Fused add, RMSNorm, and rowwise dynamic quantization |
| 12_smoothquant | SmoothQuant | Per-channel scaling and quantization for int8 inference |
| 13_moe_sorting | MoE Sorting | Token-to-expert rearrangement for MoE dispatch |
| 14_moe_smoothquant | MoE-SmoothQuant | Expert-dependent quantization fused with top-k selection |
| 15_fused_moe | Fused MoE | End-to-end fused MoE block: sorting, group-GEMM, activation, weighting |
| 16_batched_gemm | Batched GEMM | Parallel computation of multiple GEMMs |
| 17_grouped_gemm | Grouped GEMM | Multiple independent GEMMs with different shapes |
| 18_flatmm | FLATMM | Flattened matrix multiplication for packed layouts |
| 19_gemm_multi_d | Multi-D GEMM | GEMM with multiple side inputs (bias, residual, etc.) |
| 35_batched_transpose | Batched Transpose | NCHW <-> NHWC and other layout conversions |
| 36_copy | Copy | Minimal example for tile-based memory movement |
| 37_transpose | Block Transpose | High-performance tiled transpose for large tensors |
Technical Highlights
- Tile Distribution: See
include/ck_tile/tile_program/tile_distribution/for mapping tiles to thread blocks. - Block Tile Pipelines: See
include/ck_tile/tile_program/block_tile_pipeline/for memory/computation pipelines. - Policies and Utilities: Many examples use custom policies for tile/block size and memory access.
How to Build & Run
mkdir build && cd build
sh ../script/cmake-ck-dev.sh ../ <arch>
make -j
Each example produces its own executable in build/bin/.
Learning and Extending
- Start Simple: Try 03_gemm or 36_copy to learn tile basics.
- Explore Fusion: See 11_add_rmsnorm2d_rdquant, 15_fused_moe, or 14_moe_smoothquant for advanced fusion.
- Experiment: Modify tile sizes, layouts, or pipelines to explore performance and flexibility.