Templatize Dockerfiles & update workflows (#223)

Now build images by a script with a shared Dockerfile template

---------

Co-authored-by: Binyang Li <binyli@microsoft.com>
Co-authored-by: Saeed Maleki <saemal@microsoft.com>

docker/base-dev-x.dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+ARG BASE_IMAGE=ghcr.io/microsoft/mscclpp/mscclpp:base-cuda12.1
+FROM ${BASE_IMAGE}
+
+LABEL maintainer="MSCCL++"
+LABEL org.opencontainers.image.source https://github.com/microsoft/mscclpp
+
+RUN apt-get update && \
+    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+        htop \
+        lcov \
+        vim \
+        && \
+    apt-get autoremove && \
+    apt-get clean && \
+    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /tmp/*
+
+# Install cmake 3.26.4
+ENV CMAKE_VERSION="3.26.4"
+ENV CMAKE_HOME="/tmp/cmake-${CMAKE_VERSION}-linux-x86_64" \
+    CMAKE_URL="https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v${CMAKE_VERSION}/cmake-${CMAKE_VERSION}-linux-x86_64.tar.gz"
+RUN curl -L ${CMAKE_URL} -o ${CMAKE_HOME}.tar.gz && \
+    tar xzf ${CMAKE_HOME}.tar.gz -C /usr/local && \
+    rm -rf ${CMAKE_HOME}.tar.gz
+ENV PATH="/usr/local/cmake-${CMAKE_VERSION}-linux-x86_64/bin:${PATH}"
+
+# Install Python dependencies
+ADD . /tmp/mscclpp
+WORKDIR /tmp/mscclpp
+ARG TARGET="cuda12.1"
+RUN cuda_major_version=$(echo ${TARGET} | grep -oP 'cuda\K[0-9]+') && \
+    python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir -r python/requirements_cu${cuda_major_version}.txt
+
+# Set PATH
+RUN echo PATH="${PATH}" > /etc/environment
+
+# Cleanup
+RUN rm -rf /tmp/mscclpp
+WORKDIR /