Update all remaining tests to new test styles

This udpates all the remaining tests to the new test suite code and
comment styles started in #898.  For the most part, the test coverage
here is unchanged, with a few minor exceptions as noted below.

- test_constants_and_functions: this adds more overload tests with
  overloads with different number of arguments for more comprehensive
  overload_cast testing.  The test style conversion broke the overload
  tests under MSVC 2015, prompting the additional tests while looking
  for a workaround.

- test_eigen: this dropped the unused functions `get_cm_corners` and
  `get_cm_corners_const`--these same tests were duplicates of the same
  things provided (and used) via ReturnTester methods.

- test_opaque_types: this test had a hidden dependence on ExampleMandA
  which is now fixed by using the global UserType which suffices for the
  relevant test.

- test_methods_and_attributes: this required some additions to UserType
  to make it usable as a replacement for the test's previous SimpleType:
  UserType gained a value mutator, and the `value` property is not
  mutable (it was previously readonly).  Some overload tests were also
  added to better test overload_cast (as described above).

- test_numpy_array: removed the untemplated mutate_data/mutate_data_t:
  the templated versions with an empty parameter pack expand to the same
  thing.

- test_stl: this was already mostly in the new style; this just tweaks
  things a bit, localizing a class, and adding some missing
  `// test_whatever` comments.

- test_virtual_functions: like `test_stl`, this was mostly in the new
  test style already, but needed some `// test_whatever` comments.
  This commit also moves the inherited virtual example code to the end
  of the file, after the main set of tests (since it is less important
  than the other tests, and rather length); it also got renamed to
  `test_inherited_virtuals` (from `test_inheriting_repeat`) because it
  tests both inherited virtual approaches, not just the repeat approach.

tests/test_sequences_and_iterators.py

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 import pytest
+from pybind11_tests import sequences_and_iterators as m
+from pybind11_tests import ConstructorStats
 
 
 def isclose(a, b, rel_tol=1e-05, abs_tol=0.0):
@@ -11,35 +13,30 @@ def allclose(a_list, b_list, rel_tol=1e-05, abs_tol=0.0):
 
 
 def test_generalized_iterators():
-    from pybind11_tests.sequences_and_iterators import IntPairs
+    assert list(m.IntPairs([(1, 2), (3, 4), (0, 5)]).nonzero()) == [(1, 2), (3, 4)]
+    assert list(m.IntPairs([(1, 2), (2, 0), (0, 3), (4, 5)]).nonzero()) == [(1, 2)]
+    assert list(m.IntPairs([(0, 3), (1, 2), (3, 4)]).nonzero()) == []
 
-    assert list(IntPairs([(1, 2), (3, 4), (0, 5)]).nonzero()) == [(1, 2), (3, 4)]
-    assert list(IntPairs([(1, 2), (2, 0), (0, 3), (4, 5)]).nonzero()) == [(1, 2)]
-    assert list(IntPairs([(0, 3), (1, 2), (3, 4)]).nonzero()) == []
-
-    assert list(IntPairs([(1, 2), (3, 4), (0, 5)]).nonzero_keys()) == [1, 3]
-    assert list(IntPairs([(1, 2), (2, 0), (0, 3), (4, 5)]).nonzero_keys()) == [1]
-    assert list(IntPairs([(0, 3), (1, 2), (3, 4)]).nonzero_keys()) == []
+    assert list(m.IntPairs([(1, 2), (3, 4), (0, 5)]).nonzero_keys()) == [1, 3]
+    assert list(m.IntPairs([(1, 2), (2, 0), (0, 3), (4, 5)]).nonzero_keys()) == [1]
+    assert list(m.IntPairs([(0, 3), (1, 2), (3, 4)]).nonzero_keys()) == []
 
     # __next__ must continue to raise StopIteration
-    it = IntPairs([(0, 0)]).nonzero()
+    it = m.IntPairs([(0, 0)]).nonzero()
     for _ in range(3):
         with pytest.raises(StopIteration):
             next(it)
 
-    it = IntPairs([(0, 0)]).nonzero_keys()
+    it = m.IntPairs([(0, 0)]).nonzero_keys()
     for _ in range(3):
         with pytest.raises(StopIteration):
             next(it)
 
 
 def test_sequence():
-    from pybind11_tests import ConstructorStats
-    from pybind11_tests.sequences_and_iterators import Sequence
+    cstats = ConstructorStats.get(m.Sequence)
 
-    cstats = ConstructorStats.get(Sequence)
-
-    s = Sequence(5)
+    s = m.Sequence(5)
     assert cstats.values() == ['of size', '5']
 
     assert "Sequence" in repr(s)
@@ -56,7 +53,7 @@ def test_sequence():
     rev2 = s[::-1]
     assert cstats.values() == ['of size', '5']
 
-    it = iter(Sequence(0))
+    it = iter(m.Sequence(0))
     for _ in range(3):  # __next__ must continue to raise StopIteration
         with pytest.raises(StopIteration):
             next(it)
@@ -67,7 +64,7 @@ def test_sequence():
     assert allclose(rev2, expected)
     assert rev == rev2
 
-    rev[0::2] = Sequence([2.0, 2.0, 2.0])
+    rev[0::2] = m.Sequence([2.0, 2.0, 2.0])
     assert cstats.values() == ['of size', '3', 'from std::vector']
 
     assert allclose(rev, [2, 56.78, 2, 0, 2])
@@ -91,33 +88,29 @@ def test_sequence():
 
 
 def test_map_iterator():
-    from pybind11_tests.sequences_and_iterators import StringMap
-
-    m = StringMap({'hi': 'bye', 'black': 'white'})
-    assert m['hi'] == 'bye'
-    assert len(m) == 2
-    assert m['black'] == 'white'
+    sm = m.StringMap({'hi': 'bye', 'black': 'white'})
+    assert sm['hi'] == 'bye'
+    assert len(sm) == 2
+    assert sm['black'] == 'white'
 
     with pytest.raises(KeyError):
-        assert m['orange']
-    m['orange'] = 'banana'
-    assert m['orange'] == 'banana'
+        assert sm['orange']
+    sm['orange'] = 'banana'
+    assert sm['orange'] == 'banana'
 
     expected = {'hi': 'bye', 'black': 'white', 'orange': 'banana'}
-    for k in m:
-        assert m[k] == expected[k]
-    for k, v in m.items():
+    for k in sm:
+        assert sm[k] == expected[k]
+    for k, v in sm.items():
         assert v == expected[k]
 
-    it = iter(StringMap({}))
+    it = iter(m.StringMap({}))
     for _ in range(3):  # __next__ must continue to raise StopIteration
         with pytest.raises(StopIteration):
             next(it)
 
 
 def test_python_iterator_in_cpp():
-    import pybind11_tests.sequences_and_iterators as m
-
     t = (1, 2, 3)
     assert m.object_to_list(t) == [1, 2, 3]
     assert m.object_to_list(iter(t)) == [1, 2, 3]