22 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Michael Carlstrom
e8e8d6ab22 Expand float and complex strict mode to allow ints and ints/float (for PEP 484 compatibility). (#5879)
* init

Signed-off-by: Michael Carlstrom <rmc@carlstrom.com>

* Add constexpr to is_floating_point check

This is known at compile time so it can be constexpr

* Allow noconvert float to accept int

* Update noconvert documentation

* Allow noconvert complex to accept int and float

* Add complex strict test

* style: pre-commit fixes

* Update unit tests so int, becomes double.

* style: pre-commit fixes

* remove if (constexpr)

Signed-off-by: Michael Carlstrom <rmc@carlstrom.com>

* fix spelling error

* bump order in #else

* Switch order in c++11 only section

Signed-off-by: Michael Carlstrom <rmc@carlstrom.com>

* ci: trigger build

* ci: trigger build

* Allow casting from float to int

The int type caster allows anything that implements __int__ with explicit exception of the python float. I can't see any reason for this.
This modifies the int casting behaviour to accept a float.
If the argument is marked as noconvert() it will only accept int.

* tests for py::float into int

* Update complex_cast tests

* Add SupportsIndex to int and float

* style: pre-commit fixes

* fix assert

* Update docs to mention other conversions

* fix pypy __index__ problems

* style: pre-commit fixes

* extract out PyLong_AsLong __index__ deprecation

Signed-off-by: Michael Carlstrom <rmc@carlstrom.com>

* style: pre-commit fixes

* Add back env.deprecated_call

Signed-off-by: Michael Carlstrom <rmc@carlstrom.com>

* remove note

Signed-off-by: Michael Carlstrom <rmc@carlstrom.com>

* remove untrue comment

Signed-off-by: Michael Carlstrom <rmc@carlstrom.com>

* fix noconvert_args

Signed-off-by: Michael Carlstrom <rmc@carlstrom.com>

* resolve error

Signed-off-by: Michael Carlstrom <rmc@carlstrom.com>

* Add comment

Signed-off-by: Michael Carlstrom <rmc@carlstrom.com>

* [skip ci]

tests: Add overload resolution test for float/int breaking change

Add test_overload_resolution_float_int() to explicitly test the breaking
change where int arguments now match float overloads when registered first.

The existing tests verify conversion behavior (int -> float, int/float -> complex)
but do not test overload resolution when both float and int overloads exist.
This test fills that gap by:

- Testing that float overload registered before int overload matches int(42)
- Testing strict mode (noconvert) overload resolution breaking change
- Testing complex overload resolution with int/float/complex overloads
- Documenting the breaking change explicitly

This complements existing tests which verify 'can it convert?' by testing
'which overload wins when multiple can convert?'

* Add test to verify that custom __index__ objects (not PyLong) work correctly with complex conversion. These should be consistent across CPython, PyPy, and GraalPy.

* Improve comment clarity for PyPy __index__ handling

Replace cryptic 'So: PYBIND11_INDEX_CHECK(src.ptr())' comment with
clearer explanation of the logic:

- Explains that we need to call PyNumber_Index explicitly on PyPy
  for non-PyLong objects
- Clarifies the relationship to the outer condition: when convert
  is false, we only reach this point if PYBIND11_INDEX_CHECK passed
  above

This makes the code more maintainable and easier to understand
during review.

* Undo inconsequential change to regex in test_enum.py

During merge, HEAD's regex pattern was kept, but master's version is preferred.
The order of ` ` and `\|` in the character class is arbitrary. Keep master's order
(already fixed in PR #5891; sorry I missed looking back here when working on 5891).

* test_methods_and_attributes.py: Restore existing `m.overload_order(1.1)` call and clearly explain the behavior change.

* Reject float → int conversion even in convert mode

Enabling implicit float → int conversion in convert mode causes
silent truncation (e.g., 1.9 → 1). This is dangerous because:

1. It's implicit - users don't expect truncation when calling functions
2. It's silent - no warning or error
3. It can hide bugs - precision loss is hard to detect

This change restores the explicit rejection of PyFloat_Check for integer
casters, even in convert mode. This is more in line with Python's behavior
where int(1.9) must be explicit.

Note that the int → float conversion in noconvert mode is preserved,
as that's a safe widening conversion.

* Revert test changes that sidestepped implicit float→int conversion

This reverts all test modifications that were made to accommodate
implicit float→int conversion in convert mode. With the production
code change that explicitly rejects float→int conversion even in
convert mode, these test workarounds are no longer needed.

Changes reverted:
- test_builtin_casters.py: Restored cant_convert(3.14159) and
  np.float32 conversion with deprecated_call wrapper
- test_custom_type_casters.py: Restored TypeError expectation for
  m.ints_preferred(4.0)
- test_methods_and_attributes.py: Restored TypeError expectation
  for m.overload_order(1.1)
- test_stl.py: Restored float literals (2.0) that were replaced with
  strings to avoid conversion
- test_factory_constructors.py: Restored original constructor calls
  that were modified to avoid float→int conversion

Also removes the unused avoid_PyLong_AsLong_deprecation fixture
and related TypeVar imports, as all uses were removed.

* Replace env.deprecated_call() with pytest.deprecated_call()

The env.deprecated_call() function was removed, but two test cases
still reference it. Replace with pytest.deprecated_call(), which is
the standard pytest context manager for handling deprecation warnings.

Since we already require pytest>=6 (see tests/requirements.txt), the
compatibility function is obsolete and pytest.deprecated_call() is
available.

* Update test expectations for swapped NoisyAlloc overloads

PR 5879 swapped the order of NoisyAlloc constructor overloads:
- (int i, double) is now placement new (comes first)
- (double d, double) is now factory pointer (comes second)

This swap is necessary because pybind11 tries overloads in order
until one matches. With int → float conversion now allowed:

- create_and_destroy(4, 0.5): Without the swap, (double d, double)
  would match first (since int → double conversion is allowed),
  bypassing the more specific (int i, double) overload. With the
  swap, (int i, double) matches first (exact match), which is
  correct.

- create_and_destroy(3.5, 4.5): (int i, double) fails (float → int
  is rejected), then (double d, double) matches, which is correct.

The swap ensures exact int matches are preferred over double matches
when an int is provided, which is the expected overload resolution
behavior.

Update the test expectations to match the new overload resolution
order.

* Resolve clang-tidy error:

/__w/pybind11/pybind11/include/pybind11/cast.h:253:46: error: repeated branch body in conditional chain [bugprone-branch-clone,-warnings-as-errors]
  253 |         } else if (PyFloat_Check(src.ptr())) {
      |                                              ^
/__w/pybind11/pybind11/include/pybind11/cast.h:258:10: note: end of the original
  258 |         } else if (convert || PYBIND11_LONG_CHECK(src.ptr()) || PYBIND11_INDEX_CHECK(src.ptr())) {
      |          ^
/__w/pybind11/pybind11/include/pybind11/cast.h:283:16: note: clone 1 starts here
  283 |         } else {
      |                ^

* Add test coverage for __index__ and __int__ edge cases: incorrectly returning float

These tests ensure that:
- Invalid return types (floats) are properly rejected
- The fallback from __index__ to __int__ works correctly in convert mode
- noconvert mode correctly prevents fallback when __index__ fails

* Minor comment-only changes: add PR number, for easy future reference

* Ensure we are not leaking a Python error is something is wrong elsewhere (e.g. UB, or bug in Python beta testing).

See also: https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/5879#issuecomment-3521099331

* [skip ci] Bump PYBIND11_INTERNALS_VERSION to 12 (for PRs 5879, 5887, 5960)

---------

Signed-off-by: Michael Carlstrom <rmc@carlstrom.com>
Co-authored-by: gentlegiantJGC <gentlegiantJGC@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve <rgrossekunst@nvidia.com>
2026-02-16 23:00:01 -08:00
Yuanyuan Chen
3ebbecb8af Add more readability tidy rules (#5924)
* Apply clang-tidy readibility fixes

Signed-off-by: Yuanyuan Chen <cyyever@outlook.com>

* Add checks

Signed-off-by: Yuanyuan Chen <cyyever@outlook.com>

* More fixes

Signed-off-by: cyy <cyyever@outlook.com>

---------

Signed-off-by: Yuanyuan Chen <cyyever@outlook.com>
Signed-off-by: cyy <cyyever@outlook.com>
2025-12-08 09:36:51 -08:00
Michael Carlstrom
42cda7570e Fix *args/**kwargs return types. Add type hinting to py::make_tuple (#5881)
* Type hint make_tuple / fix *args/**kwargs return type

Signed-off-by: Michael Carlstrom <rmc@carlstrom.com>

* add back commented out panic

* ignore return std move clang

Signed-off-by: Michael Carlstrom <rmc@carlstrom.com>

* fix for mingmw

Signed-off-by: Michael Carlstrom <rmc@carlstrom.com>

* added missing case

Signed-off-by: Michael Carlstrom <rmc@carlstrom.com>

---------

Signed-off-by: Michael Carlstrom <rmc@carlstrom.com>
2025-11-13 21:03:53 -08:00
Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
a97e9d8cac Dropping MSVC 2015 (#3722)
* Changing `_MSC_VER` guard to `< 1910` (dropping MSVC 2015).

* Removing MSVC 2015 from ci.yml, and .appveyor.yml entirely.

* Bringing back .appveyor.yml from master.

* appveyor Visual Studio 2017

* 1st manual pass, builds & tests with unix_clang, before pre-commit.

* After clang-format (via pre-commit).

* Manual pass looking for "2015", builds & tests with unix_clang, before pre-commit.

* Backtracking for include/pybind11 changes in previous commit.

git checkout d07865846c include/pybind11/attr.h include/pybind11/detail/common.h include/pybind11/functional.h

--------------------

CI #4160 errors observed:

2a26873727
https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/runs/5168332130?check_suite_focus=true

$ grep ' error C' *.txt | sed 's/2022-02-12[^ ]*//' | sed 's/^[0-9][0-9]*//' | sed 's/^.*\.txt: //' | sort | uniqD:\a\pybind11\pybind11\include\pybind11\cast.h(1364,1): error C2752: 'pybind11::detail::type_caster<Eigen::Ref<Eigen::Vector3f,0,pybind11::EigenDStride>,void>': more than one partial specialization matches the template argument list [D:\a\pybind11\pybind11\build\tests\pybind11_tests.vcxproj]

d:\a\pybind11\pybind11\include\pybind11\detail/common.h(1023): error C2737: 'pybind11::overload_cast': 'constexpr' object must be initialized [D:\a\pybind11\pybind11\build\tests\cross_module_gil_utils.vcxproj]
d:\a\pybind11\pybind11\include\pybind11\detail/common.h(1023): error C2737: 'pybind11::overload_cast': 'constexpr' object must be initialized [D:\a\pybind11\pybind11\build\tests\pybind11_cross_module_tests.vcxproj]
d:\a\pybind11\pybind11\include\pybind11\detail/common.h(1023): error C2737: 'pybind11::overload_cast': 'constexpr' object must be initialized [D:\a\pybind11\pybind11\build\tests\pybind11_tests.vcxproj]
d:\a\pybind11\pybind11\include\pybind11\detail/common.h(1023): error C2737: 'pybind11::overload_cast': 'constexpr' object must be initialized [D:\a\pybind11\pybind11\build\tests\test_embed\external_module.vcxproj]
D:\a\pybind11\pybind11\include\pybind11\detail/common.h(624): fatal error C1001: Internal compiler error. [D:\a\pybind11\pybind11\build\tests\pybind11_tests.vcxproj]
D:\a\pybind11\pybind11\include\pybind11\detail/common.h(624): fatal error C1001: Internal compiler error. [D:\a\pybind11\pybind11\tests\pybind11_tests.vcxproj]

$ grep ': error C2737' *.txt | sed 's/^.*MSVC//' | sed 's/___.*//' | sort | uniq

_2017

$ grep ': error C2752' *.txt

3______3.8_____MSVC_2019_____x86_-DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=17.txt:2022-02-12T16:12:45.9921122Z D:\a\pybind11\pybind11\include\pybind11\cast.h(1364,1): error C2752: 'pybind11::detail::type_caster<Eigen::Ref<Eigen::Vector3f,0,pybind11::EigenDStride>,void>': more than one partial specialization matches the template argument list [D:\a\pybind11\pybind11\build\tests\pybind11_tests.vcxproj]

$ grep ': fatal error C1001:' *.txt

10______pypy-3.8-v7.3.7_____windows-2022_____x64.txt:2022-02-12T16:12:56.3163683Z D:\a\pybind11\pybind11\include\pybind11\detail/common.h(624): fatal error C1001: Internal compiler error. [D:\a\pybind11\pybind11\tests\pybind11_tests.vcxproj]
1______3.6_____MSVC_2019_____x86.txt:2022-02-12T16:12:47.6774625Z D:\a\pybind11\pybind11\include\pybind11\detail/common.h(624): fatal error C1001: Internal compiler error. [D:\a\pybind11\pybind11\build\tests\pybind11_tests.vcxproj]
16______3.6_____windows-latest_____x64_-DPYBIND11_FINDPYTHON=ON.txt:2022-02-12T16:12:27.0556151Z D:\a\pybind11\pybind11\include\pybind11\detail/common.h(624): fatal error C1001: Internal compiler error. [D:\a\pybind11\pybind11\tests\pybind11_tests.vcxproj]
17______3.9_____windows-2019_____x64.txt:2022-02-12T16:12:30.3822566Z D:\a\pybind11\pybind11\include\pybind11\detail/common.h(624): fatal error C1001: Internal compiler error. [D:\a\pybind11\pybind11\tests\pybind11_tests.vcxproj]
2______3.7_____MSVC_2019_____x86.txt:2022-02-12T16:12:38.7018911Z D:\a\pybind11\pybind11\include\pybind11\detail/common.h(624): fatal error C1001: Internal compiler error. [D:\a\pybind11\pybind11\build\tests\pybind11_tests.vcxproj]
6______3.6_____windows-2022_____x64.txt:2022-02-12T16:12:00.4513642Z D:\a\pybind11\pybind11\include\pybind11\detail/common.h(624): fatal error C1001: Internal compiler error. [D:\a\pybind11\pybind11\tests\pybind11_tests.vcxproj]
7______3.9_____windows-2022_____x64.txt:2022-02-12T16:11:43.6306160Z D:\a\pybind11\pybind11\include\pybind11\detail/common.h(624): fatal error C1001: Internal compiler error. [D:\a\pybind11\pybind11\tests\pybind11_tests.vcxproj]
8______3.10_____windows-2022_____x64.txt:2022-02-12T16:11:49.9589644Z D:\a\pybind11\pybind11\include\pybind11\detail/common.h(624): fatal error C1001: Internal compiler error. [D:\a\pybind11\pybind11\tests\pybind11_tests.vcxproj]
9______pypy-3.7-v7.3.7_____windows-2022_____x64.txt:2022-02-12T16:11:53.7912112Z D:\a\pybind11\pybind11\include\pybind11\detail/common.h(624): fatal error C1001: Internal compiler error. [D:\a\pybind11\pybind11\tests\pybind11_tests.vcxproj]

* common.h: is_template_base_of

* Re-applying 4 changes from 2a26873727 that work universally.

* `overload_cast = {};` only for MSVC 2017 and Clang 5

* Refining condition for using is_template_base_of workaround.

* Undoing MSVC 2015 workaround in test_constants_and_functions.cpp

* CentOS7: silence_unused_warnings

* Tweaks in response to reviews.

* Adding windows-2022 C++20

* Trying another way of adding windows-2022 C++20
2022-02-14 11:36:22 -08:00
Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
ec24786eab Fully-automatic clang-format with include reordering (#3713)
* chore: add clang-format

* Removing check-style (Classic check-style)

Ported from @henryiii's 53056b1b0e

* Automatic clang-format changes (NO manual changes).

Co-authored-by: Henry Schreiner <henryschreineriii@gmail.com>
2022-02-10 12:17:07 -08:00
Aaron Gokaslan
d6c66d25bb chore(clang-tidy): Add clang-tidy rules: prefer-member-initializer and optin.performance.Padding (#3716)
* Add clang-tidy prefer-member-initializer

* Fix clang-tdy config

* Fix incorrect change

* Fix sorting of .clang-tidy
2022-02-10 09:45:46 -08:00
Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve
6abf2baa62 CodeHealth: Enabling clang-tidy google-explicit-constructor (#3250)
* Adding google-explicit-constructor to .clang-tidy

* clang-tidy explicit attr.h (all automatic)

* clang-tidy explicit cast.h (all automatic)

* clang-tidy detail/init.h (1 NOLINT)

* clang-tidy detail/type_caster_base.h (2 NOLINT)

* clang-tidy pybind11.h (7 NOLINT)

* clang-tidy detail/common.h (3 NOLINT)

* clang-tidy detail/descr.h (2 NOLINT)

* clang-tidy pytypes.h (23 NOLINT, only 1 explicit)

* clang-tidy eigen.h (7 NOLINT, 0 explicit)

* Adding 2 explicit in functional.h

* Adding 4 explicit in iostream.h

* clang-tidy numpy.h (1 NOLINT, 1 explicit)

* clang-tidy embed.h (0 NOLINT, 1 explicit)

* clang-tidy tests/local_bindings.h (0 NOLINT, 4 explicit)

* clang-tidy tests/pybind11_cross_module_tests.cpp (0 NOLINT, 1 explicit)

* clang-tidy tests/pybind11_tests.h (0 NOLINT, 2 explicit)

* clang-tidy tests/test_buffers.cpp (0 NOLINT, 2 explicit)

* clang-tidy tests/test_builtin_casters.cpp (0 NOLINT, 4 explicit)

* clang-tidy tests/test_class.cpp (0 NOLINT, 6 explicit)

* clang-tidy tests/test_copy_move.cpp (0 NOLINT, 7 explicit)

* clang-tidy tests/test_embed/external_module.cpp (0 NOLINT, 1 explicit)

* clang-tidy tests/test_embed/test_interpreter.cpp (0 NOLINT, 1 explicit)

* clang-tidy tests/object.h (0 NOLINT, 2 explicit)

* clang-tidy batch of fully automatic fixes.

* Workaround for MSVC 19.16.27045.0 C++17 Python 2 C++ syntax error.
2021-09-08 18:53:38 -07:00
Aaron Gokaslan
dac74ebdf5 fix(clang-tidy): performance fixes applied in tests and CI (#3051)
* Initial fixes

* Whoops

* Finish clang-tidy manual fixes

* Add two missing fixes

* Revert

* Update clang-tidy

* Try to fix unreachable code error

* Move nolint comment

* Apply missing fix

* Don't override clang-tidy config

* Does this fix clang-tidy?

* Make all clang-tidy errors visible

* Add comments about NOLINTs and remove a few

* Fix typo
2021-06-22 12:11:54 -04:00
Aaron Gokaslan
3b30b0a51e fix(clang-tidy): clang-tidy readability and misc fixes, like adding const (#3052)
* Enable and apply clang-tidy readability and misc fixes.

* Revert deprecated tester

* add space to tests/test_constants_and_functions.cpp
2021-06-21 10:37:48 -04:00
Aaron Gokaslan
e0b5cbd4c6 chore(clang-tidy): add more modernize clang-tidy checks (#3049)
* Add more modernize clang-tidy checks

* Enable a few more
2021-06-19 18:38:56 -04:00
Yannick Jadoul
98f1bbb800 Ignore deprecation warnings about old-style __init__/__setstate__ constructors in the tests (originally done in #2746) (#2759)
* Ignore old-style __init__ warnings

* Simplify ignoreOldStyleInitWarnings with py::exec

* Only wrap single class_::defs to ignore DeprecationWarnings about old-style __init__
2021-01-01 17:37:28 +01:00
Henry Schreiner
6bcd220c8d refactor: module -> module_ with typedef (#2544)
* WIP: module -> module_ without typedef

* refactor: allow py::module to work again
2020-10-03 13:38:03 -04:00
Henry Schreiner
dabbbf315d fix: use OVERRIDE instead of OVERLOAD (#2490)
* fix: use OVERRIDE instead of OVERLOAD

* docs: more accurate statement
2020-09-15 12:10:31 -04:00
Henry Schreiner
5dfbe6f903 style: clang-tidy: modernize-use-override 2020-09-15 09:56:59 -04:00
Yannick Jadoul
d65e34d61d Resolve empty statement warning when using PYBIND11_OVERLOAD_PURE_NAME and PYBIND11_OVERLOAD_PURE (#2325)
* Wrap PYBIND11_OVERLOAD_NAME and PYBIND11_OVERLOAD_PURE_NAME in do { ... } while (false), and resolve trailing semicolon

* Deprecate PYBIND11_OVERLOAD_* and get_overload in favor of PYBIND11_OVERRIDE_* and get_override

* Correct erroneous usage of 'overload' instead of 'override' in the implementation and internals

* Fix tests to use non-deprecated PYBIND11_OVERRIDE_* macros

* Update docs to use override instead of overload where appropriate, and add warning about deprecated aliases

* Add semicolons to deprecated PYBIND11_OVERLOAD macros to match original behavior

* Remove deprecation of PYBIND11_OVERLOAD_* macros and get_overload

* Add note to changelog and upgrade guide
2020-09-15 14:56:20 +02:00
andriish
38370a87f4 fix: support NVIDIA-PGI HPC SDK (#2475)
* Added guards to the includes

Added new CI config

Added new trigger

Changed CI workflow name

Debug CI

Debug CI

Debug CI

Debug CI

Added flags fro PGI

Disable Eigen

Removed tests that fail

Uncomment lines

* fix: missing include

fix: minor style cleanup

tests: support skipping

ci: remove and tighten a bit

fix: try msvc workaround for pgic

* tests: split up prealoc tests

* fix: PGI compiler fix

* fix: PGI void_t only

* fix: try to appease nvcc

* ci: better ordering for slow tests

* ci: minor improvements to testing

* ci: Add NumPy to testing

* ci: Eigen generates CUDA warnings / PGI errors

* Added CentOS7 back for a moment

* Fix YAML

* ci: runs-on missing

* centos7 is missing pytest

* ci: use C++11 on CentOS 7

* ci: test something else

* Try just adding flags on CentOS 7

* fix: CentOS 7

* refactor: move include to shared location

* Added verbose flag

* Try to use system cmake3 on CI

* Try to use system cmake3 on CI, attempt2

* Try to use system cmake3 on CI, attempt3

* tests: not finding pytest should be a warning, not a fatal error

* tests: cleanup

* Weird issue?

* fix: final polish

Co-authored-by: Andrii Verbytskyi <andrii.verbytskyi@mpp.mpg.de>
Co-authored-by: Henry Schreiner <henryschreineriii@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Andrii Verbytskyi <averbyts@cern.ch>
2020-09-11 22:06:52 -04:00
Yannick Jadoul
a2bb297b32 Throw exception on returning a unique_ptr or shared_ptr nullptr (or any other holder type) from py::init, rather than crashing (#2430) 2020-08-25 18:51:06 +02:00
Francesco Biscani
ba33b2fc79 Add -Wdeprecated to test suite and fix associated warnings (#1191)
This commit turns on `-Wdeprecated` in the test suite and fixes several
associated deprecation warnings that show up as a result:

- in C++17 `static constexpr` members are implicitly inline; our
  redeclaration (needed for C++11/14) is deprecated in C++17.

- various test suite classes have destructors and rely on implicit copy
  constructors, but implicit copy constructor definitions when a
  user-declared destructor is present was deprecated in C++11.

- Eigen also has various implicit copy constructors, so just disable
  `-Wdeprecated` in `eigen.h`.
2017-11-22 17:37:41 -04:00
Unknown
0b3f44ebdf Trivial typos
Non-user facing. 
Found using `codespell -q 3`
2017-11-01 22:48:36 -03:00
Jason Rhinelander
e9bb843edc Fix clang5 warnings 2017-08-23 12:05:18 -04:00
Jason Rhinelander
c4e180081d Reimplement py::init<...> to use common factory code
This reimplements the py::init<...> implementations using the various
functions added to support `py::init(...)`, and moves the implementing
structs into `detail/init.h` from `pybind11.h`.  It doesn't simply use a
factory directly, as this is a very common case and implementation
without an extra lambda call is a small but useful optimization.

This, combined with the previous lazy initialization, also avoids
needing placement new for `py::init<...>()` construction: such
construction now occurs via an ordinary `new Type(...)`.

A consequence of this is that it also fixes a potential bug when using
multiple inheritance from Python: it was very easy to write classes
that double-initialize an existing instance which had the potential to
leak for non-pod classes.  With the new implementation, an attempt to
call `__init__` on an already-initialized object is now ignored.  (This
was already done in the previous commit for factory constructors).

This change exposed a few warnings (fixed here) from deleting a pointer
to a base class with virtual functions but without a virtual destructor.
These look like legitimate warnings that we shouldn't suppress; this
adds virtual destructors to the appropriate classes.
2017-08-17 09:33:27 -04:00
Jason Rhinelander
464d98962d Allow binding factory functions as constructors
This allows you to use:

    cls.def(py::init(&factory_function));

where `factory_function` returns a pointer, holder, or value of the
class type (or a derived type).  Various compile-time checks
(static_asserts) are performed to ensure the function is valid, and
various run-time type checks where necessary.

Some other details of this feature:
- The `py::init` name doesn't conflict with the templated no-argument
  `py::init<...>()`, but keeps the naming consistent: the existing
  templated, no-argument one wraps constructors, the no-template,
  function-argument one wraps factory functions.
- If returning a CppClass (whether by value or pointer) when an CppAlias
  is required (i.e. python-side inheritance and a declared alias), a
  dynamic_cast to the alias is attempted (for the pointer version); if
  it fails, or if returned by value, an Alias(Class &&) constructor
  is invoked.  If this constructor doesn't exist, a runtime error occurs.
- for holder returns when an alias is required, we try a dynamic_cast of
  the wrapped pointer to the alias to see if it is already an alias
  instance; if it isn't, we raise an error.
- `py::init(class_factory, alias_factory)` is also available that takes
  two factories: the first is called when an alias is not needed, the
  second when it is.
- Reimplement factory instance clearing.  The previous implementation
  failed under python-side multiple inheritance: *each* inherited
  type's factory init would clear the instance instead of only setting
  its own type value.  The new implementation here clears just the
  relevant value pointer.
- dealloc is updated to explicitly set the leftover value pointer to
  nullptr and the `holder_constructed` flag to false so that it can be
  used to clear preallocated value without needing to rebuild the
  instance internals data.
- Added various tests to test out new allocation/deallocation code.
- With preallocation now done lazily, init factory holders can
  completely avoid the extra overhead of needing an extra
  allocation/deallocation.
- Updated documentation to make factory constructors the default
  advanced constructor style.
- If an `__init__` is called a second time, we have two choices: we can
  throw away the first instance, replacing it with the second; or we can
  ignore the second call.  The latter is slightly easier, so do that.
2017-08-17 09:33:27 -04:00